Helicobacter pylori: rol del agua y los alimentos en su transmisión / Role of water and foods in helicobacter pylori transmission

Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria Gram negativa, microaerofílica, que coloniza eficientemente la mucosa gástrica humana. Fue aislada por primera vez en el año 1982 y actualmente se considera como un importante patógeno humano que causa diversas enfermedades gastrointestinales y además se reconoce como agente carcinógeno. Se habla de una alta prevalencia en el mundo, con un mayor porcentaje en los países en vías de desarrollo, esto probablemente relacionado con las condiciones de vida. De esta manera, el estatus socio-económico es el determinante más importante para el desarrollo de la infección por H. pylori, siendo las clases sociales más bajas las que exhiben mayor prevalencia. A la fecha, las rutas de transmisión de este microorganismo no se encuentran totalmente esclarecidas. Sobre la base de diversas evidencias epidemiológicas y microbiológicas se han propuesto varias vías. Dentro de estas se incluye al agua y a los alimentos como posibles vectores, a pesar de la compleja detección de esta bacteria en muestras distintas al tejido gástrico. H. pylori puede pasar a un estado viable no cultivable (VNC) bajo condiciones de estrés. No obstante, se han llevado a cabo diversos estudios para evaluar la prevalencia y supervivencia de esta bacteria en diversas fuentes de agua y muestras de alimentos, cuyos resultados indican la posibilidad de que los mismos actúen como un reservorio en su transmisión. Por esta razón, el presente artículo de revisión se enfoca en las evidencias que apoyan la transmisión de H. pylori a través del agua y los alimentos(AU)

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, which efficiently colonizes the human gastric mucosa. It was first isolated in 1982 and is now considered an important human pathogen that causes various gastrointestinal diseases and is also recognized as a carcinogen. There is a high prevalence worldwide, with a higher percentage in developing countries, probably related to living conditions. Thus, the socio-economic status is the most important determinant for the development of the infection by H. pylori, being lower social classes exhibiting the highest prevalence. To date, the routes of transmission of this organism are not fully elucidated. Based on numerous epidemiological and microbiological evidences, several transmission paths have been suggested. Among them water and food are included as potential vectors, although the detection of these bacteria is complex in distinct samples to gastric tissue. H. pylori can happen to a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) under conditions of stress. However, there have been several studies to assess the prevalence and survival of the bacteria in various water sources and food samples. Results indicate the possibility that they act as a reservoir for transmission. For this reason, this review article focuses on the evidence supporting the transmission of H. pylori through water and food(AU)

Oxidative stress and antioxidants status in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma.

Oxidative stress is believed to initiate and aggravate many diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. We observed an increase in rat gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a decrease in catalase (CAT) levels in cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration while, in clinical peptic ulceration and gastric carcinoma patients, an increase in serum LPO and a tendency to decrease in SOD and CAT levels were observed. The result thus, indicated a positive correlation between free radical-induced oxidative stress both in gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric carcinoma.

[Study of the CagA gene prevalence in helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders in Iran]

Helicobacter pylori commonly is associated with gastritis: but only sometimes it causes clinically significant diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcer. The development of disease depends on the virulence of the infecting H. pylori strain, the susceptibility of the host, and environment co-factors. The cytotoxin associated protein encoded by cagA gene is an important virulence factor that is produced by some H. pylori strains, and has been used as virulence marker in some populations. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of cagA gene in the isolated strains of H. pylori from patients with dyspeptic disease and to investigate the association of cagA gene and the severity of H. pylori related diseases in Iran. In this study, biopsy specimens were obtained from the antrum of 180 patients. After isolation of H. pylori and its DNA by standard methods, polymerase chain reaction [PCR] technique was used for detection of cagA bacterial gene. 92 out of the 180 patients had H. pylori strains. 70% were cagA gene positive. All patients with peptic ulcer [100%] and 44 out of 72 [61%] patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia were cagA positive [p<0.01]. There was significant difference in frequency of cagA gene in peptic ulcer disease and non-ulcer dyspepsia [p<0.01]. It showed that the risk of PUD in patients with cagA+ H. pylori infection may be higher than in those with cagA- H. pylori infection

Helicbacter pylori clearance and eradication with triple therapy in duodenal ulcer patients

Triple therapy was given to 49 chronic helicobacter pylori positive chronic duodenal ulcer cases to see its efficacy in H. pylori clearance, eradication and ulcer healing. H. pylori clearance and eradication rates at weeks 5 and 8 were 87.8 percent and 81.5 percent while ulcer healing rates 68.2 percent and 81.5 percent respectively. Seven [18 percent] cases failed to clear H. pylori and were classified as non-responders. Histologically 60 percent showed post-treatment regression of gastritis. Tolerance to drugs was excellent with a good compliance rate

Recorrência do Helicobacter pylori em pacientes portadoress de úlcera duodenal: aspectos clínicos, endoscópicos, histológicos e genotipagem; casuística de 10 anos / Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer: clinical, endoscopic,hostological and genotypical aspects; casuistic of 10 years

Para avaliar a taxa de recorrência do Helicobacter pylori em pacientes ulcerosos duodenais previamente erradicados entre os anos de 1990 e 1999, foi realizado teste respiratório com carbono 14 em 194 pacientes, no ano de 2001.Onze apresentaram teste positivo (5,7 por cento), sendo submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta para avaliação da cicatriz da úlcera, urease, histologia e genotipagem. Verificou-se que a recidiva ulcerosa foi baixa, não guardando relação com queixas dispépticas. Não se encontrou relação entre a genotipagem da bactéria e padrão histológico que justificasse a taxa de recorrência encontrada / In order to evaluate the recurrence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients who had the bacterium eradicated previously, between 1990 and 1999, a 14C-urea breath test was performed in 194 patients in 2001. Eleven were positive, having been submitted to an upper endoscopy to check the presence of ulcer scar, and to obtain gastric fragments to the rapid urease test, histology and genotyping. It was observed a low ulcer relapse, without relation with dyspeptic symptoms. It was not found any relation between the bacteria strain and the histological pattern that could explain the recurrence rate observed...(

Participación de interleuquina-8 en patología gástrica en niños / Interleukin-8 expression in gastric pathology in children

Introducción: Interleuquina (IL)-8 ha sido involucrada en las respuestas inflamatoria de la infección por H. pylori. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia y niveles de IL-8, y su correlación con factores demográficos, presencia de H. pylori, daño histológico asociado, y evolución de la infección, en niños chilenos con H. pylori. Métodos: En forma prospectiva, 50 niños con indicación de endoscopía, fueron enrolados previo consentimiento parental. Las biopsias antrales fueron analizadas para: detección de H. pylori mediante ureasa, tinción histológica, detección de IL-8 por ELISA, expresado como pg de citoquina/mg de proteína total. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 13,9 ñ 2,6 años (media ñ 1 DE). No hubo asociación entre edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y el nivel de IL-8 (p = 0,3). Los 37 niños infectados con H. pylori presentaron niveles de IL-8 mayores que los niños no infectados (311,1 vs 79,9 pg/ml, p < 0,05). La intensidad del infiltrado inflamatorio (p = 0,0022), la actividad determinada por polimorfonucleares (p = 0,027) y la presencia de desdiferenciación foveolar (p = 0,00003), se correlacionaron con la presencia de IL-8. La expresión de IL-8 en mucosa antral fue mayor en niños con gastritis crónica y especialmente en aquellos con úlcera duodenal al ser comparado con el grupo normal (p < 0,005 y p < 0,0005, respectivamente), pero no hubo diferencia entre los niños infectados con H. pylori con gastritis sola (351 pg/mg) comparados con los que presentaban ulceración duodenal (375 pg/mg). Conclusiones: El mayor nivel de IL-8 en niños con úlcera duodenal puede representar un mayor nivel de activación inflamatoria local o ser un marcador de mayor virulencia bacteriana

Determinação do risco relativo da relação entre o Helicobacter pylori e úlcera péptica duodenal em Caxias do Sul: análise de 4184 endoscopias digestivas altas / Determing the relative risk of the relation between Helicobacter pylori and duodenal peptic ulcer in the city of Caxias do Sul: analysis of 4184 upper digestive endoscopies

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a aferição do risco relativo entre associação do Helicobacter pylori(Hp) e a úlcera péptica duodenal em endoscopias digestivas realizadas em Caxias do Sul, no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 1996. A presença do Helicobacter pylori foi demonstrada em fragmentos de biópsias colhidas de antro digestivo através do teste da uréase pré-formada. De um total 4.184 endoscopias, 1.838(44 por cento) eram uréase-negativas e 2.346(56 por cento), uréase-positivas. Dos pacientes portadores de úlcera duodenal ao exame endoscópico, 43 eram uréase-negativos e 274 eram uréase-positivos

Pre and post eradication gastric inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer.

BACKGROUND: Distribution and nature of gastritis are major determinants of clinical outcome of H. pylori infection. The gastric inflammatory changes associated with this infection in developing countries have not been systematically studied. AIMS: To evaluate the inflammatory changes in gastric antrum and corpus in patients with duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection, before and after H. pylori eradication therapy. METHODS: Histology and H. pylori density were studied in gastric biopsies obtained from 53 consecutive patients with active duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection. Biopsies were obtained before and 4 weeks after H. pylori eradication therapy, from the anterior and posterior walls of the antrum and corpus, and were evaluated according to the Sydney system. RESULTS: In the pre-H. py/ori eradication antral biopsies, chronic gastritis, active gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and lymphoid follicles / aggregates were seen in 53 (100%), 49 (92%), 11 (21%), 7 (13%) and 28 (53%) patients, respectively. In the corresponding biopsies from gastric corpus, these changes were seen in 49 (92%), 23 (43%), 2 (4%), 2 (4%) and 8 (15%), respectively. All changes except IM were significantly more frequent and of higher grade in the antrum. The grade of chronic gastritis was significantly higher in antrum than corpus; the frequency of gastritis in the antrum and corpus was similar (100% vs. 92%). H. pylori density was also higher in the antrum and correlated well with the grades of chronic gastritis and activity at both sites. Eradication of H. pylori was achieved in 39 patients (74%), and led to significant decrease in gastritis; no change was seen in patients who did not eradicate the organism. CONCLUSIONS: Antral-predominant chronic gastritis and activity are present in more than 90% of patients with H. pylori infection associated with duodenal ulcer, and the grade of gastritis correlates with the density of the organism. Eradication therapy results in improvement of both chronic gastritis and activity.

Infección por Helicobacter pylori en un grupo de pacientes VIH/SIDA / Helicobacter pylori infection in a group of HIV/AIDS patients

La prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) en pacientes con SIDA ha sido objeto de controversias. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo, controlado, en un grupo de 64 pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La detección de la bacteria se realizó mediante estudio endoscópico, durante el cual se tomaron 2 muestras de biopsia de antro y cuerpo gástrico, respectivamente, para estudio histológico y 2 muestras de antro y cuerpo gástrico para prueba de ureasa. Se encontró una prevalencia de infección por H. pylori de 56,3 porciento. El grupo de comparación estuvo constituido por 110 pacientes serológicamente negativos a infección por VIH, con una prevalencia de la infección de 77,2 porciento. En el grupo VIH+/SIDA se encontró una frecuencia de úlcera gástrica en 1,5 porciento y ninguno presentó úlcera duodenal, mientras que el grupo de comparación tuvo una frecuencia de úlcera gástrica de 8,1 porciento y duodenal de 15,5 porciento. Los pacientes VIH+/SIDA de la categoría I tuvieron una prevalencia de infección por H. pylori de 68,7 porciento, los de la II de 39,2 porciento y los de la III 21,0 porciento. Se observó una asociación inversa entre el grado de deterioro inmunológico y la prevalencia de la infección por H. pylori

Helicobacter pylori: sus relaciones y controversias morfológicas / Helicobacter pylori; its relationships and morphologic controversies

Desde 1984 año en que se describió Helicobacter pylori en la mucosa gastrointestinal, se le ha relacionado con múltiples alteraciones morfológicas benignas y malignas. Actualmente se conoce con mayor detalle la distribución de las enfermedades gastroduodenales, sus expresiones morfológicas y las controversias de su relación con HP. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar algunos de estos aspectos.

Aplicación de la serología para confirmar la erradicación de helicobacter pylori en pacientes con úlcera péptica / Serological asssessment of helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer patients

Background: Measurement of changes in serum antibodies is an excellent predictor of Helicobacter pylori eradication after antibiotic treatment. Aim: To measure the changes in serum antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori, before and after treatment. Material and methods: IgG antibodies to H. pylori were prospectively evaluated in 107 duodenal ulcer patients treated either with antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole and bismuth subsalicylate) plus omeprazole or omeprazole alone. IgG antibody levels were determined using an "in house" ELISA in sera from 49 eradicated patients that received quadruple therapy and 58 non-eradicated patients (12 in whom antibiotic therapy failed and 46 that received omeprazole alone). Endoscopy, urease test, microscopy, and culture of gastric biopsies confirmed H. pylori eradication. Results: Patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated, showed a maintained drop in serum antibody titers that ranged from 15 percent, 62 percent, 74 percent to 76 percent at 28 days, 4, 8 and 12 months respectively. Such reduction was not observed in patients treated with omeprazole. Patients, in whom quadruple therapy failed to eradicate H. pylori, showed a discrete and transient decrease in antibody titers. By the fourth month, patients in whom eradication with quadruple therapy was not achieved, irrespective of whether they received quadruple therapy or omeprazole alone. Conclusions: A 45 percent decrease in IgG titer after 4 months is indicative of therapeutic success in H. pylori eradication. Therefore, serology may be useful to monitor the outcome of antibiotic therapy

Helicobacter pylori: análise crítica de seu papel em diferentes afecções humanas: parte 1 / Helicobacter pylori: critical analysis roles in differents human diseases: part 1

O presente estudo faz uma análise da literatura existente sobre as eventuais relações entre a infecção por Helicobacter pylori e diferentes afecções, gastroduodenais ou sistêmicas, através da aplicação dos critérios de causalidade de Bradford-Hill

Validation of 14-C-urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori

The aim of this study was to validate the 14C-urea breath test for use in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Thirty H. pylori positive patients, based on histologic test and thirty H. pylori negative patients by histology and anti-H. pylori IgG entered the study. Fasting patients drank 5 uCi of 14C-urea in 20 ml of water. Breath samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. The difference of cpm values between the two groups was significant at all the time intervals, besides time 0 (p<0.0001). At 20 min, the test gave 100 percent sensitivity and specificity with a cut-off value of 562 cpm. Females were higher expirers than males (p=0.005). 14C-urea breath test is highly accurate for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis. It is fast, simple and should be the non-invasive test used after treating Helicobacter pylori infection.

effect of qurs-e-satawari in doudenal ulcer

Duodenal ulcer is a chronic recurrent disease. It is slightly more common in males than in females. There are various aetiological factors which contribute to the development of duodenal ulcer such as increased secretion of acid, genetic factor, alcoholism, smoking, great mental and physical stress. Helicobacter pylori can be identified in antral mucosa in 90% cases of duodenal ulcer. Unani physicians have described it under the term Qurh-e-ama, in which they described all the possible places of ulcer formation in small and large intestine with their types, causes, pathogenesis differentiating clinical features and treatment. Qurs-e-Satawari, which contains Satawar [Asparagus racemosus Willd], Aslus-sus [Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.], soda Khurdani [soda bicarb], Sangjarahat [Silicate of Mangesia] and Gil-e-Kharya [Calcii Carbonas] was tested in 15 patients of duodenal ulcer in the dose of 2 tablets [0.5 gm each] three times a day for 6 months. At the end of the study overall clinical improvement in clinical features was found to be encouragings

Life event stress in duodenal ulcer compared with functional dyspepsia: a case-control study

This is a prospective study of life event stress in 80 duodenal ulcer patients compared with 80 patients with functional dyspepsia and 80 healthy controls; matched for age, sex and marital status. A semi-structured psychiatric interview was used in the psychiatric assessment of the dyspeptic patients and controls. A modified version of Life Events Scale by Tennant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life event stress. More dyspeptic patients reported life events than the controls, but, on the whole, the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, more patients with functional dyspepsia experienced life events than the patients with duodenal ulcer, but again the results were not consistant, Life event stress as measured by the experience of undesirable life events was significantly reported by more patients with functional dyspepsia. The significance of the presence of life events in duodenal ulcer and functional dyspepsia patients is not substantiated in the present study, as the positive findings were few and sometimes inconsistant, More quantitative studies are needed, taking into consideration the other aspects of the problem like personality, cognition and the complex interaction of stressors and personality